بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ
Dini ve İLmi ARAştırmalar Merkezi

TENSES_ZAMANLAR

TENSES

1	Present Contionus Tense	Şimdiki Zaman
2	Simple Present Tense	Geniş Zaman
3	Simple Past Tense	Di'li Geçmiş Zaman
4	Simple Future Tense	Gelecek Zaman
5	Past Continuous Tense	Şimdiki Zamanın Hikayesi
6	Going To	Yakın Gelecek Zaman
7	Present Perfect Tense	Yakın Geçmiş Zaman
8	Past Perfect Tense	Miş'li Geçmiş Zaman

1 - BE GOING TO - YAKIN (KESİN) GELECEK ZAMAN
Olumlu, olumsuz ve soru şekillerini gösteren tablolar.

(+) I + am going to + verb / he, she, it + is going to + verb / we, you, they + are going to + verb

POSITIVE	OLUMLU
I am going to drink a cup of coffee.	Ben bir fincan kahve içeceğim.
Be careful! You are going to fall.	Dikkat et! Düşeceksin.
He is going to play tennis at the weekend.	O hafta sonu tenis oynayacak.
She is going to wait for you at the bus stop.	O otobüs durağında seni bekleyecek.
Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.	Bulutlara bak! Yağmur yağacak.
We are going to walk in the park.	Biz parkta gezeceğiz.
You are going to win the game.	Oyunu kazanacaksın.
They are going to listen to the weather broadcast on radio.	Onlar radyodaki hava durumu tahminini dinleyecekler.

(-) I+ am not going to + verb / he,she,it + isn't going to + verb
You, we, they + aren't not going to + verb

NEGATIVE	OLUMSUZ
I am not going to watch TV tonight.	Bu gece ben TV izlemiyeceğim.
You aren't going to have shower.	Duş almayacaksın.
He isn't going to come on time.	O vaktinge gelmeyecek.
She isn't going to get angry with you.	O sana kızmayacak.
It isn't going to rain today.	Bugün yağmur yağmayacak.
We aren't going to work at the weekends.	Biz hafta sonu çalışmayacağız.
You aren't going to listen to his insults.	Onun hakaretlerini dinlemeyeceksin.
They aren't going to obey the rules.	Onlar kurallara itaat etmeyecekler.

(?) Am I + going to + verb / Is + he, she, it + going to + verb ?

Are + we, you, they + going to + verb?

QUESTION	SORU
Am I going to fall down?	Ben düşecek miyim?
Are you going to sleep?	Sen uyuyacak mısın?
Is he going to work late?	Geç saatlere kadar çalışacak mı?
Is she going to have coffee?	O kahve alacak mı?
Is it going to rain this afternoon?	Bu öğleden sonra yağmur yağacak mı?
Are we going to watch the video tonight?	Bu gece video izleyecek miyiz?
Are you going to talk about the current events?	Güncel olaylar hakkında sohbet konuşacak mısınız?
Are they going to have dinner in the restaurant?	Onlar akşam yemeğini restorantta mı yiyecekler?

(-?)Aren't I + going to + verb / Is + he, she, it + going to + verb ?

Aren't + we, you, they + going to + verb?

NEGATIVE QUESTION	OLUMSUZ SORU
Aren't I going to tell the truth?	Ben hakikatı söylemiyecek miyim?
Aren't you going to have a rest?	Sen dinlenmiyecek misin?
Isn't he going to watch the match?	O maçı izlemiyecek mi?
Isn't she going to drink coffee?	O kahve içmeyecek mi?
Isn't it going to snow?	Kar yağmayacak mı?
Aren't we going to do shopping?	Alışveriş yapmayacak mıyız?
Aren't you going to wait for your friends?	Arkadaşlarınızı beklemeyecek misiniz?
Aren't they going to wash the dishes?	Onlar bulaşıkları yıkamıyacaklar mı?

1 - SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Olumlu, olumsuz ve soru şekillerini gösteren tablolar.

(+) I, you, we, they + verb (he,she,it + verbs)

POSITIVE	OLUMLU
I get up early in the mornings.	Sabahları erken kalkarım.
You know him well.	Sen onu iyi tanırsın.
He likes apples very much.	O elmaları çok sever.
She writes letters to her aunt.	O halasına mektup yazar.
It rains a lot in winter.	Kışın çok yağmur yağar.
We play football on Sundays.	Pazar günleri futbol oynarız.
You have breakfast every morning.	Siz her sabah kahvaltı yaparsınız.
They work hard everyday.	Onlar hergün yoğun çalışırlar.

(-) I, you, we, they+don't verb (he, she, it +doesn't Verb)

NEGATIVE	OLUMSUZ
I don't like pork.	Domuz etini sevmem.
You don't go to bed early.	Sen erken yatmazsın.
He doesn't eat meat at all.	O hiç et yemez.
She doesn't work on Saturdays.	O cumartesi günleri çalışmaz.
It doesn't snow in summer.	Yazın kar yağmaz.
We don't smoke cigarette.	Biz sigara içmeyiz.
You don't have any free time.	Sizin hiç boş vaktiniz olmaz.
They don't sell alcoholic drinks.	Onlar alkollü içecek satmazlar.

(?) Do I, you, we, they + verb ? (does he, she, it + Verb ?

QUESTION	SORU
Do I tell lies?	Ben yalan söyler miyim?
Do you go out in the evenings?	Akşamları dışarı çıkar mısın?
Does he like coffee?	O kahve sever mi?
Does she play tennis?	O tenis oynar mı?
Does it make noise?	O gürültü yapar mı?
Do we go to the theatre?	Biz tiyatroya gider miyiz?
Do you speak English?	Siz İngilizce konuşur musunuz?
Do they sell milk here?	Onlar burada süt satar mı?

(-?) Don't I, you, we, they + verb? (doesn't he, she, it + verb ?

NEGATIVE QUESTION	OLUMSUZ SORU
Don't I tell the truth?	Ben gerçeği söylemez miyim?
Don't you read book?	Sen kitap okumaz musun?
Doesn't he play tennis with me?	Benimle tenis oynamaz mı?
Doesn't she like coffee?	O kahve sevmez mi?
Doesn't it snow in winter?	Kışın kar yağmaz mı?
Don't we speak English in the classroom?	Sınıfta İngilizce konuşmaz mıyız?
Don't you speak English?	Siz İngilizce konuşmaz mısınız?
Don't they lend you any money?	Sana hiç ödünç para vermezler mi?

1 - SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Olumlu, olumsuz ve soru şekillerini gösteren tablolar.

(+) I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + verb2

POSITIVE	OLUMLU
I got up early yesterday morning.	Dün sabah erken kalktım.
You worked hard last night..	Geçen gece yoğun çalıştın.
He sold his car last month.	Geçen ay arabasını sattı.
She wrote a letter to her aunt.	O halasına bir mektup yazdı.
It rained a lot last winter.	Geçen kış çok yağmur yağdı.
We played football on Sunday.	Pazar günü futbol oynadık.
You cheated us.	Siz bizi aldattınız.
They wanted to change the rules. .	Onlar kuralları değiştirmek istedi.

(-) I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + didn't verb1

NEGATIVE	OLUMSUZ
I didn't play well in the match.	Maçta iyi oynamadın.
You didn't come to the party yesterday.	Sen dün partiye gelmedin.
He didn't do his homework.	O ödevini yapmadı.
She didn't understand anything.	O hiçbirşey anlamadı.
It didn't rain a lot on that day.	O gün çok yağmur yağmadı.
We didn't wait for them.	Biz onları beklemedik.
You didn't obey the rules. .	Siz kurallara itaat etmediniz .
They didn't want to believe this.	Onlar buna inanmak istemedi.

(?) Did I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + verb1 ?

QUESTION	SORU
Did I tell lies?	Ben yalan mı söyledim?
Did you go out yesterday evening?	Dün akşam dışarı çıktın mı?
Did he want coffee?	O kahve mi istedi?
Did she play tennis?	O tenis mi oynadı?
Did it snow here last week?	Geçen hafta burada kar yağdı mı?
Did we pay our debts?	Borçlarımızı ödedik mi?
Did you study for the exam?	Sınav için çalıştınız mı?
Did they see the film?	Onlar filmi gördüler mi?

(-?) Didn't I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + verb 1?

NEGATIVE QUESTION	OLUMSUZ SORU
Didn't I tell the truth?	Ben gerçeği söylemedim mi?
Didn't you read book?	Sen kitabı okumadın mı?
Didn't he play tennis with her?	Onunla tenis oynamadı mı?
Didn't she drink coffee?	O kahve içmedi mi?
Didn't it snow in winter?	Kışın kar yağmadı mı?
Didn't we study hard for the exam?	Sınav için yoğun çalışmadık mı?
Didn't you tell the truth?	Gerçeği anlatmadın mı?
Didn't they lend you any money?	Sana hiç ödünç para vermediler mi?

1 - SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE (GELECEK ZAMAN)
Olumlu, olumsuz ve soru şekillerini gösteren tablolar.

(+) I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + will + verb

POSITIVE	OLUMLU
I will have a cup of coffee.	Ben bir fincan kahve alacağım.
You will see who is right.	Kimin haklı olduğunu göreceksin.
He will come here tomorrow.	O yarın buraya gelecek.
She will call you tonight.	O bu gece sana telefon edecek.
It will be very easy.	O Çok kolay olacak.
We will stay in the tent.	Biz çadırda kalacağız.
You will help them.	Siz onlara yardım edeceksiniz.
They will accept our offer.	Onlar teklifimizi kabul edecekler.

(-) I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + will not (won't)

NEGATIVE	OLUMSUZ
I won't cheat you.	Seni (sizi) aldatmayacağım.
You won't tell lies.	Yalan söylemiyeceksin.
He won't have alcoholic drinks.	O alkollü içecekler almayacak.
She won't change her dress.	O elbisesini değiştirmeyecek.
It won't be so easy to do it.	Onu yapmak pek kolay olmayacak.
We won't work at the weekend.	Biz hafta sonu çalışmayacaız.
You won't lend them any money.	Onlara hiç borç para vermeyeceksiniz.
They won't go to London this year.	Onlar bu sene Londra'ya gitmeyecekler.

(?) Will I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + verb ?

QUESTION	SORU
Will I tell her everything?	Ona herşeyi anlatacak mıyım?
Will you break the rules?	Kuralları bozacak mısın?
Will he come here again?	O tekrar buraya gelecek mi?
Will she take the children to the school?	Çocukları okula götürecek mi?
Will it rain tomorrow ?	Yarın yağmur yağacak mı ?
Will we play tennis again?	Tekrar tenis oynayacak mıyız?
Will you study hard?	Sıkı çalışacak mısınız?
Will they do us a favour?	Bize bir iyilik yapacaklar mı?

(-?) Won't I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they + verb ?

NEGATIVE QUESTION	OLUMSUZ SORU
Won't I tell the truth?	Ben hakikatı söylemiyecek miyim?
Won't you read book?	Sen kitabı okumayacak mısın?
Won't he play in the match?	O maçta oynamayacak mı?
Won't she drink coffee?	O kahve içmeyecek mi?
Won't it be easy for you ?	Senin için o kolay olmayacak mı?
Won't we visit our friends?	Arkadaşlarımıza ziyaret etmeyecek miyiz?
Won't you rehearse tomorrow?	Yarın prova yapmayacak mısınız?
Won't they lend you any money?	Sana hiç ödünç para vermeyecekler mi?

1 - PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE (ŞİMDİKİ ZAMANIN HİKAYESİ)
Olumlu, olumsuz ve soru şekillerini gösteren tablolar.

(+) I, he, she, it + was + verb-ing / we, you, they + were + verb-ing

POSITIVE	OLUMLU
I was drinking a cup of coffee.	Ben bir fincan kahve içiyordum.
You were watching a film on TV.	Sen televizyonda bir film izliyordun.
He was playing tennis then	O zaman o tenis oynuyordu.
She was waiting you at the bus stop.	O Otobüs durağında seni bekliyordu.
It was raining cats and dogs.	Bardaktan boşanırcasına yağmur yağıyordu.
We were walking in the park.	Biz parkta geziyorduk.
You were having breakfast.	Siz kahvaltı yapıyordunuz.
They were listening to music.	Onlar müzik dinliyorlardı.

(-) I,he,she,it + was not (wasn't)verb-ing / You,we,they + were not (weren't) verb-ing

NEGATIVE	OLUMSUZ
I wasn't watching TV when you came.	Sen geldiğinde TV izlemiyordum.
You weren't playing tennis at 10.30.	10.30 da tennis oynamıyordunuz.
He wasn't cleaning his room.	O odasını temizlemiyordu.
She wasn't doing her homework.	O ödevini yapmıyordu.
It wasn't raining when we arrived.	Vardığımızda yağmur yağmıyordu.
We weren't working at the weekends.	Biz hafta sonları çalışmıyorduk.
You weren't listening to the music.	Siz müzik dinlemiyordunuz.
They weren't obeying the rules.	Onlar kurallara itaat etmiyorlardı.

(?) Was I, he, she, it + verb-ing ? / Were we, you, they + verb-ing?

QUESTION	SORU
Was I sleeping when you came home?	Sen eve geldiğinde ben uyuyor muydum?
Were you doing homework while I was sleeping ?	Ben uyuyorken sen ödev mi yapıyordun?
Was he relaxing while we were working?	Biz çalışıyorken o dinleniyor muydu?
Was she having breakfast ?	O kahvaltı mı yapıyordu?
Was it raining at 12 o'clock yesterday?	Dün saat 12'de yağmur yağıyor muydu ?
Were we watching the video when they came?	Onlar geldiğinde biz video mu izliyorduk?
Were you chatting about the current events?	Güncel olaylar hakkında sohbet mi yapıyordunuz?
Were they having dinner when we arrived?	Biz vardığımızda onlar akşam yemeğini mi yiyorlardı?

(-?) Wasn't I, he, she, it + verb-ing ? / weren't we, you, they + verb-ing?

NEGATIVE QUESTION	OLUMSUZ SORU
Wasn't I telling the truth?	Ben hakikatı söylemiyor muydum?
Weren't you having a rest?	Sen dinlenmiyor muydun?
Wasn't he watching the match?	O maç izlemiyor muydu?
Wasn't she drinking coffee?	O kahve içmiyor muydu?
Wasn't it snowing then ?	O zaman kar yağmıyor muydu?
Weren't we doing shopping at this time yesterday?	Dün bu vakitte alışveriş yapmıyor muyduk?
Weren't you waiting for your friends?	Siz arkadaşlarınızı beklemiyor muydunuz?
Weren't they washing the dishes?	Onlar bulaşıkları yıkamıyorlar mıydı?

1 - BE GOING TO - YAKIN (KESİN) GELECEK ZAMAN
Olumlu, olumsuz ve soru şekillerini gösteren tablolar.

(+) I + am going to + verb / he, she, it + is going to + verb / we, you, they + are going to + verb

POSITIVE	OLUMLU
I am going to drink a cup of coffee.	Ben bir fincan kahve içeceğim.
Be careful! You are going to fall.	Dikkat et! Düşeceksin.
He is going to play tennis at the weekend.	O hafta sonu tenis oynayacak.
She is going to wait for you at the bus stop.	O otobüs durağında seni bekleyecek.
Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.	Bulutlara bak! Yağmur yağacak.
We are going to walk in the park.	Biz parkta gezeceğiz.
You are going to win the game.	Oyunu kazanacaksın.
They are going to listen to the weather broadcast on radio.	Onlar radyodaki hava durumu tahminini dinleyecekler.

(-) I+ am not going to + verb / he,she,it + isn't going to + verb
You, we, they + aren't not going to + verb

NEGATIVE	OLUMSUZ
I am not going to watch TV tonight.	Bu gece ben TV izlemiyeceğim.
You aren't going to have shower.	Duş almayacaksın.
He isn't going to come on time.	O vaktinge gelmeyecek.
She isn't going to get angry with you.	O sana kızmayacak.
It isn't going to rain today.	Bugün yağmur yağmayacak.
We aren't going to work at the weekends.	Biz hafta sonu çalışmayacağız.
You aren't going to listen to his insults.	Onun hakaretlerini dinlemeyeceksin.
They aren't going to obey the rules.	Onlar kurallara itaat etmeyecekler.

(?) Am I + going to + verb / Is + he, she, it + going to + verb ?

Are + we, you, they + going to + verb?

QUESTION	SORU
Am I going to fall down?	Ben düşecek miyim?
Are you going to sleep?	Sen uyuyacak mısın?
Is he going to work late?	Geç saatlere kadar çalışacak mı?
Is she going to have coffee?	O kahve alacak mı?
Is it going to rain this afternoon?	Bu öğleden sonra yağmur yağacak mı?
Are we going to watch the video tonight?	Bu gece video izleyecek miyiz?
Are you going to talk about the current events?	Güncel olaylar hakkında sohbet konuşacak mısınız?
Are they going to have dinner in the restaurant?	Onlar akşam yemeğini restorantta mı yiyecekler?

(-?)Aren't I + going to + verb / Is + he, she, it + going to + verb ?

Aren't + we, you, they + going to + verb?

NEGATIVE QUESTION	OLUMSUZ SORU
Aren't I going to tell the truth?	Ben hakikatı söylemiyecek miyim?
Aren't you going to have a rest?	Sen dinlenmiyecek misin?
Isn't he going to watch the match?	O maçı izlemiyecek mi?
Isn't she going to drink coffee?	O kahve içmeyecek mi?
Isn't it going to snow?	Kar yağmayacak mı?
Aren't we going to do shopping?	Alışveriş yapmayacak mıyız?
Aren't you going to wait for your friends?	Arkadaşlarınızı beklemeyecek misiniz?
Aren't they going to wash the dishes?	Onlar bulaşıkları yıkamıyacaklar mı?

1 - PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Olumlu, olumsuz ve soru şekillerini gösteren tablolar.

(+) I, you, we, they + have verb3 he, she, it + has verb3

POSITIVE	OLUMLU
I have been to Istanbul.	Ben Istanbul'da bulundum.
You have been late.	Sen geç kaldın.
He has washed his hair.	O saçını yıkadı.
She has cooked the meal.	O yemeği pişirdi.
It has been very cold.	Hava çok soğuk oldu.
We have had four test so far.	Şimdiye dek dört test olduk.
You have written the wrong number.	Siz yanlış numara yazdınız.
They have returned from abroad.	Onlar yurdışından döndüler.

(-) I, you, we, you, they + haven't verb3 he, she, it + hasn't verb3

NEGATIVE	OLUMSUZ
I haven't been to Paris.	Ben Paris'de bulunmadım.
You haven't given me the key.	Sen bana anahtarı vermedin.
He hasn't broken his arm.	O kolunu kırmadı.
She hasn't cleaned the room.	O odayı temizlemedi.
It hasn't bit my leg.	O benim bacağımı ısırmadı.
We haven't found a solution yet.	Biz henüz bir çözüm bulamadık.
You haven't made any mistake. .	Siz hiç hata yapmadınız.
They haven't canceled the match.	Onlar maçı iptal etmediler.

(?) Have I, you, you, they + verb3 ? Has he, she, it, we verb 3 ?

QUESTION	SORU
Have I told you lies?	Ben sana yalan mı söyledim?
Have you washed your hair?	Saçını mı yıkadın?
Has he lost his wallet?	O cüzdanını mı kaybetti?
Has she played tennis?	O tenis mi oynadı?
Has it rained for an hour?	Bir saat boyunca yağmur mu yağdı?
Have we paid our debts?	Borçlarımızı ödedik mi?
Have you ever been to Istanbul?	Siz hiç Istanbul'da bulundunuz mu?
Have they seen the film?	Onlar filmi gördüler mi?

(-?) Haven't I, you, we, you, they + verb3 ? Hasn't he, she, it + verb3 ?

NEGATIVE QUESTION	OLUMSUZ SORU
Haven't I told you the truth?	Ben sana gerçeği söylemedim mi?
Haven't you read that book?	Sen o kitabı okumadın mı?
Hasn't he played tennis with her?	Onunla tenis oynamadı mı?
Hasn't she bought the present yet?	O henüz hediyeyi almadı mı?
Hasn't it snowed since I came in?	İçeri girdiğimden beri kar yağmadı mı?
Haven't we studied hard for the exam?	Sınav için yoğun çalışmadık mı?
Haven't you told her the truth?	Gona gerçeği anlatmadın mı?
Haven't they lent you any money?	Sana ödünç para vermediler mi?

1 - PAST PERFECT TENSE
Olumlu, olumsuz ve soru şekillerini gösteren tablolar.

(+) I, you, we, they + had verb3 he, she, it + has verb3

POSITIVE	OLUMLU
I had eaten the cake before the tea was served.	Çay servisi yapılmadan önce keki yemiştim.
You had been late.	Sen geç kalmıştın.
After he had studied hard, he passed the exam.	Sıkı çalıştıktan sonra sınavı geçti.
She had cleaned the room before the guests came	Misafirler gelmeden önce odayı temizlemişti.
It had rained all day.	Bütün gün yağmur yağmıştı.
After we had played the game, we went to the beach.	Oyun oynadıktan sonra plaja gittik.
You had promised me to do it before I gave it to you?.	Onu sana vermeden önce sen bana onu yapmaya söz vermiştin.
They had gone out before we came.	Biz gelmeden önce onlar dışarı çıkmışlardı.

(-) I, you, we, you, they + hadn't verb3 he, she, it + hasn't verb3

NEGATIVE	OLUMSUZ
I hadn't locked the door.	Kapıyı kilitlememiştim.
After you had your dinner you didn't drink the medicine.	Akşam yemeğini yedikten sonra ilacını içmedin.
He hadn't had lunch with us.	O bizimle birlikte öğle yemeğini yememişti.
She hadn't cleaned the room.	Odayı temizlememişti.
It hadn't eaten the bone.	Kemiği yememişti.
We hadn't played the match very well.	Biz maçı çok iyi oynamamıştık.
You hadn't told us the truth.	Siz bize doğruyu söylememiştiniz.
They hadn't studied hard.	Onlar sıkı çalışmamışlardı.

(?) Had I, you, you, they + verb3 ? Has he, she, it, we verb 3 ?

QUESTION	SORU
Had I brought the key with me?	Ben anahtarı yanımda getirmiş miydim?
Had you taken the pill before you went to bed?	Yatmadan önce hapı içmiş miydin? (almış mıydın?)
Had he smoked inside before we came?	Biz gelmeden önce içeride sigara içmiş miydi?
Had she thought that before he told her?	Ona söylemeden önce o onu düşünmüş müydü?
Had it drunk the poison?	Zehiri içmiş miydi?
Had we fulfilled all our responsibilities?	Biz tüm sorumluluklarımızı yerine getirmiş miydik?
Had you book a double room before you came?	Siz gelmeden önce iki kişilik bir oda ayırtmış mıydınız?
Had they canceled the exam before the candidates came?	Adaylar gelmeden önce sınavı iptal etmişler miydi?

(-?) Hadn't I, you, we, you, they + verb3 ? Hasn't he, she, it + verb3 ?

NEGATIVE QUESTION	OLUMSUZ SORU
Haven't I locked the door?	Ben kapıyı kilitlememiş miydim?
Haven't you taken the pills?	Sen hapları içmemiş miydin? (almamış mıydın?)
Hadn't he turned off his mobile phone before the meeting started?	Toplantı başlamadan önce o cep telefonunu kapatmamış mıydı?
Hadn't she passed the exam?	O sınavı geçmemiş miydi?
Hadn't it caught the rat?	O fareyi yakalamamış mıydı?
Hadn't we won the match?	Maçı biz kazanmamış mıydık?
Hadn't you sold the house to them?	Evi onlara satmamış mıydınız?
Hadn't they paid the debts?	onlar borçlarını ödememişler miydi?

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (Geniş zaman)

POSITIVE			NEGATIVE				QUESTION
I	-	write	I	do	not	write	do	I	write
you	-	write	you	do	not	write	do	you	write
we	-	write	we	do	not	write	do	we	write
they	-	write	they	do	not	write	do	they	write
he	-	writes	he	does	not	write	does	he	write
she	-	writes	she	does	not	write	does	she	write
it	-	writes	it	does	not	write	does	it	write

İşin mantığı: Dünya yuvarlaktır (genel) , Ateş yakar (genel) , İnsanlar acıkır ..... Gibi genel olayları ve durumları vurgulamak için Simple Present tense kullanılır.

1.Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen

2.Most animals kill only for food

3.The world is round

Simple Present tense genelde olan olay ve durumla rı vurgulamak için kullanılır ,bunlar; geçmişte vardı , şu an var , gelecekte de olacak . örn : Dünyanın dönmesi .

1.I study for two hours every night

2.My classes begin at nine

3.He always eats a sandwich for lunch

Simple present tense günlük aktiviteleri ve alışkanlıkları vurgulamak için de kullanılır.

1.I don't recognize that man

2.He needs a pen right now

Belirli fiilerin continuous tense ( şimdiki zaman ) halleri olmadığından bu tens'te kullanılmaları zorunludur.

Aşaıdaki fiiler normalde continuous tenslerle kullanılmazlar

Appreciate	Depend	Hate	Need	See	Understand
Believe	Dislike	Hear	Owe	Seem	Want
Belong	Doubt	İmagine	Own	Seem	İnclude
Care	Envy	Know	Possess	Smell
Consist	Exist	Like	Prefer	Sound
Cost	Fear	Love	Realise	Suppose
Contain	Feel	Mean	Remember	Taste

Sonu s , sh , ch , x ile biten sözcüklerin çoğulu ve fiilerin geniş zaman halleri -es takısı alırlar.

Finish	Finishes
Watch	Watches
Bus	Buses
Box	Boxes

Sonu y ile biten sözcükler - ies takısı alırlar , fakat y nin önünde sesli harf varsa sonuna sadece - s gelir

Study	studies
Try	tries
Baby	babies
Boy	boys

Sonu f veya fe ile biten sözcükler - ves takısıyla çoğul olurlar

knife	knives
shellf	shellves

Geniş zamnada Have fiili he , she , it için has olarak değişir.

I have a shover everyday
John has a shover everyday

Sıklık belirten fiiller Sımple present tens'te özneden hemen sonra gelirler

always / Never / often / Sometimes / Usually + Present simple (Geniş zaman)

Sue always arrives at work early
I usually go to work by car but sometimes I walk
Julia never eats breakfast

PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) { ŞİMDİKİ ZAMAN }

POSITIVE			NEGATIVE				QUESTION
I	am	writing	I	am	not	writing	am	I	writing
you	are	writing	you	are	not	writing	are	you	writing
we	are	writing	we	are	not	writing	are	we	writing
they	are	writing	they	are	not	writing	are	they	writing
he	is	writing	he	is	not	writing	is	he	writing
she	is	writing	she	is	not	writing	is	she	writing
it	is	writing	it	is	not	writing	is	it	writing

Bu tens konuşma anında devam eden (süren) aktiviteleri vurgulamak için kullanılır ( ŞU AN )

John is sleeping right now
I need an umbrella because it is raining
John and marry are talking on phone

Bu tens ayrıca genelde süreklilik halinde olan aktiviteleri vurgulamak için de kullanılır.

I am taking five course this semester
John is trying to improve his work habits
She is writing another book this year

Sonu - e ile biten fiillerde -e düşer - ing gelir

make	making
write	writing
come	coming
dance	dancing

Sonu - ie ile biten fiiller - ying takısı alırlar

lie	lying
die	dying
tie	tying

Eğer tek heceli bir fiilin sonu ( sesli + sessiz ) harf ile bitiyorsa son sessiz ikilenerek - ing takısı alır.

stop	stopping	Bu kuralın istisnası şudur : eğer bir fiilin sonu ( -y ) veya ( - w ) sesizlerinden biri ile bitiyorsa, fiil tek heceli bile olsa son sessiz ikilenmez.
run	running
get	getting
swim	swimming
big	bigger
hot	hotter
thin	thinner
draw	drawing
play	playing

İki veya daha fazla heceli fiilerde son sessizin ikilenmesine gerek yoktur

happen	happening
visit	visiting
remember	remembering

Sonu iki sessizle biten tek heceli fiiler direkt olarak - ing takısı alırlar

help	helping
work	working

SIMPLE PAST ( GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN )

POSITIVE			NEGATIVE				QUESTION
I	-	wrote	I	did	not	write	did	I	write
you	-	wrote	you	did	not	write	did	you	write
we	-	wrote	we	did	not	write	did	we	write
they	-	wrote	they	did	not	write	did	they	write
he	-	wrote	he	did	not	write	did	he	write
she	-	wrote	she	did	not	write	did	she	write
it	-	wrote	it	did	not	write	did	it	write

Simple past , geçmişte belirli bir zamanda başlamış ve bitmiş bir durum veya aktiviteyi işaret eder.

FORMÜLÜ : Özne + Verb 2 ( Fiilin 2. hali )---- yani Simple past hali

I walked to school yesterday
He lived in paris for ten years , but now he is living in rome
I bought a new car three days ago

Eğer Simple past tense ile kurulmuş bir cümle (When) kalıbını içeriyorsa : when ile başlayan cümle diğerinden önce olmuştur aşağıdaki ilk örnekte önce yağmur başladı sonra ağacın altında durdum ifadesi anlaşılmalıdır.

I stood under a tree when it began to rain
when she heard a atrange noise she got up to investigate
when I dropped my cup , the coffee spilled on my lap

Eğer geçmiş zaman (past tense) ile kullanılan bir cümlenin fiili yoksa geçmiş zamanı belirtmek için : was , were kullanılması zorunludur.

Positive			Negative			Question
	I	was		I	was not		was	I
	You	were		You	were not		were	You
	we	were		we	were not		were	we
	they	were		they	were not		were	they
	he	was		he	was not		was	he
	she	was		she	was not		was	she
	it	was		it	was not		was	it

Last year Rachel was 22 , so she is 23 now
When I was a child , I was afraid of dogs
we were hungry after the journey but we weren't tired
the hotel was comfortable but it wasn't expensive
was the weather good when you were on holiday
those shoes are nice . were they expensive
why were you late this morning

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE ( Türkçede karşılığı yok )

POSITIVE			NEGATIVE				QUESTION
I	have	written	I	have	not	written	have	I	written
you	have	written	you	have	not	written	have	you	written
we	have	written	we	have	not	written	have	we	written
they	have	written	they	have	not	written	have	they	written
he	has	written	he	has	not	written	has	he	written
she	has	written	she	has	not	written	has	she	written
it	has	written	it	has	not	written	has	it	written

1. They have moved into a new aparttment.

2. Have you ever visited Mexico.

3. I have already seen that movie.

4. I have never seen snow

Present Perfect şu fikri vurgular: Şu andan önce meyda na gelmiş veya gelmemiş birşeyi anlatırken kesin zaman ın önemli olmadığı durumlar. (Eğer belirli bir zaman var sa Simple past kullanılır.)

5. We have had four tests so far this semester

6. I have written my wife a letter every other day for the last two weeks.

7. I have met many people since I came here in june

8. I have flown on an airplane many times

Present perfect birde şu andan önceki bir aktivitenin tekrarını vurgular,her tekrarın kesin zamanı önemli değildir

9. I have been here since seven o'clock

10.We have been here for two weeks

11.I have had this same pair of shoes for three years

12.I have liked cowboy movies ever since I was a child

Present perfect tense ayrıca for ve since ile kullanı labilir. O zaman şunu vurgular: Bir durum geçmişte başlmış şu anda da devam ediyor

Since + belirli bir zaman ( since : denberi )

For + zamanın sürekliliği ( For : dır )

Present Perfect Simple nin kullanımları

1.kullanımı: Geçmişte başlamış ve bugüne kadar devam eden bir zaman periyodundan bahsediyorsak bu tensi kullanmak zorundayız. Bu zaman periyodu bütün hayatımızdaki deneyimleri kapsayabilir. Hayatımız da herhangi bir deneyimi yaşayıp yaşamadığımız bu tens ile sorulur.

Have you ever been to China ( Hiç çinde bulundunmu? )
Have you ever eaten caviar ( Hiç havyar yedinmi ? )
I haven't been to India ( Hindistanda hiç bulunmadım )
We have never had a car ( Hiçbir zaman arabamız olmadı )
It's the most boring film I've ever seen . (Hayatımda gördüğüm en sıkıcı film.)
I haven't eaten anything since breakfast ( Kahvaltıdan beri hiçbirşey yemedim )

2.kullanım: Present perfect kullanıldığında genellikle bugün ile bir bağlantı vardır. Eğer geçmişte olmuş bir eylemin sonucu bugünü etkiliyorsa yine bu tens kullanılır.

Where's your key ? I don't know. I 've lost it ( Şu an anahtarım yok )
He told me his name but I 've forgotten it ( Adını söylemişti fakat unuttum )
I can't find my bag. Have you seen it ? ( Çantamı bulamıyorum, onu gördünmü?)

3.kullanım: Geçmişle bugünü bağlayan bir köprü olarak kullanılır.

I started learninig english in september

I am still lerning english

I have lerned English since september (Eylülden beri ingilizce öğreniyorum)-üstteki iki cümleyi birleştirdi.

Ayşe is my best friend

I met Ayşe seven years ago

I have known her for 7 years ( onu yedi yıldır tanıyorum )

I am a teacher

I started teaching 20 years ago

I have been a teacher for 20 years. ( 20 yıldır öğretmenim )

Gone (to) ve been (to) arasındaki farklılık

Jim is away on holiday. He has gone to Spain (Jim ispanyaya gitti ve hala orada)
Jane has been to Italy . (Jane italyaya gitti ve geri geldi )

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS ( PROGRESSIVE )

POSITIVE			NEGATIVE				QUESTION
I	have	been writing	I	have	not	been writing	have	I	been writing
you	have	been writing	you	have	not	been writing	have	you	been writing
we	have	been writing	we	have	not	been writing	have	we	been writing
they	have	been writing	they	have	not	been writing	have	they	been writing
he	has	been writing	he	has	not	been writing	has	he	been writing
she	has	been writing	she	has	not	been writing	has	she	been writing
it	has	been writing	it	has	not	been writing	has	it	been writing

Present Perfect continuous , yakın zamanda veya henüz sona ermiş bir aktivitenin ifadesinde kullanılabilir

bu aktivitenin şu an ile bağlantısı vardır.

Örn : Eve gittiniz çocuğunuzun gözleri kıpkırmızı ve ne olduğunu öğreneceksiniz . What have you been doing demeniz lazım ( What are you doing olmaz.)

Örn : A şahsı avrupa turuna çıkmış ve B şahsıyla ispanyada karşılaşıyor A' nın gideceği yerler sıralı :

1. France

2. England

3.Spain

4. Germany

5. Italy

A: What have you been doing ? ( Ne yapıyorsun )

B: I have been traveling around Europe

(eğer A şahsı : What are you doing deseydi , B şahsı o anda ne yapıyorsa onu söylerdi , alışveriş yapıyo rum vs. derdi.)

A: Which countries have you visited

B: I have visited France and England and now I'm in Spain , I haven't been Germany and Italy yet.

Right now I am sitting at my desk.

1. I have been sitting here since seven o'clock.

2. I have been sitting here for two hours

3. You have been studying for five straight hourse

Bu tens bir aktivitenin sürekliliğini vurgulamak için kullanılır.Sözü edilen aktivite geçmişte başladı ve şu an devam etmektedir. Tense bu anlamı zamanı simgeleyen kelimelerle veririz. Bunlar :

For , Since , all morning , all day , all week.

5. I have been thinking about changing my major.

6. All of the students have been studying hard .Final exams start next week.

7. My back hurts , so I have been sleeping on the floor lately. the bed is too soft.

Presen perfect continuous tens zamanın herhangi bir spesifik anlamı dışında kullanıldığında, genel bir aktivitenin son zamanlardaki sürekliliğini vurgular.

8. I have lived here since 1985

I have been living here since 1985

9. he has worked at the same store for ten years

He has been working at the same store for ten years

Live , work , teach gibi continuous tensleri olan fiillerle since veya for kullanıldığında , present perfect continuous ile present perfect simple arasın da pek bir fark olmaz. Yandaki örneklerde pek bir anlam farkı yoktu

PAST PERFECT TENSE ( MİŞLİ GEÇMİŞ ZAMAN )

POSITIVE			NEGATIVE				QUESTION
I	had	written	I	had	not	written	had	I	written
you	had	written	you	had	not	written	had	you	written
we	had	written	we	had	not	written	had	we	written
they	had	written	they	had	not	written	had	they	written
he	had	written	he	had	not	written	had	he	written
she	had	written	she	had	not	written	had	she	written
it	had	written	it	had	not	written	had	it	written

1. My parents had already eaten by the time I got home

2. Until yesterday, I had never heard about it .

3. The thief simply walked in. Someone had forgotten to lock thedoor.

Past perfect tense : gemişte bir aktivitenin başka bir aktiviteden önce tamamlandığını vurgular. yani:Geç mişte oluşmuş iki eylem var fakat 1. eylem , 2.cisin den önce olmuş işte 1.eylem past perfec tir.

4. Sam had already left when we got there

5. Sam had left before we got there

6. Sam left before we got there

7. after the guests had left. I went to bed

4. de : önce sam ayrıldı sonra biz oraya vardık. (yani: biz vardığımızda sam ayrılmıştı). Eğer bir cümlede before veya after kullanılıyorsa genellikle past per fect tense gerekli değildir. Simple past 6. ve 8. ci örneklerde belki kullanılabilir. Not: 5-6 ve 7-8 aynı an lamdadır.

When Sarah arrived at the party , Paul had already gone home
When we got home last night , we found that somebody had broken into the flat
Karen didn't want to come to the cinema with us because she had already seen the film.
I didn't know who she was . I had never seen her before
The house was dirty. They hadn't cleaned it for weeks

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS ( PROGRESSIVE )

POSITIVE			NEGATIVE				QUESTION
I	had	been writing	I	had	not	been writing	had	I	been writing
you	had	been writing	you	had	not	been writing	had	you	been writing
we	had	been writing	we	had	not	been writing	had	we	been writing
they	had	been writing	they	had	not	been writing	had	they	been writing
he	had	been writing	he	had	not	been writing	had	he	been writing
she	had	been writing	she	had	not	been writing	had	she	been writing
it	had	been writing	it	had	not	been writing	had	it	been writing

Geçmişte olmuş iki eylem var ve bunlardan önce olanın sürekliliği past perfect continuous tense ile vurgu lanır.

1. Our game of tennis was interrupted. we'd been playing for about half an hour when it started to rain very havily.

2. Ken give up smoking two years ago. He'd been smoking for 30 years.

1. The police had been looking for the criminal for two years before they caught him

2. The patient had been waiting in the emergency room for almost an hour before a doctor finally treated her

3. He finally came at six o'clock I had been waiting for him since four - thirty.

Past perfect continuous: geçmişte bir eylemden önce başka bir eylemin süreklilik içerisinde oldu ğunu vurgular.

4. When judy got home, her hair was still wet because she had been swimming

5.Her eyes were red because she had been crying

Bu tens ayrıca geçmişteki bir eyleme yakın zamanlı fakat ondan daha önce olan bağlantısız bir eylemin sürekliliğini vurgulamak için de kulanılır.

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE (Gelecek zaman)

POSITIVE			NEGATIVE				QUESTION
I	will	write	I	will	not	write	will	I	write
you	will	write	you	will	not	write	will	you	write
we	will	write	we	will	not	write	will	we	write
they	will	write	they	will	not	write	will	they	write
he	will	write	he	will	not	write	will	he	write
she	will	write	she	will	not	write	will	she	write
it	will	write	it	will	not	write	will	it	write

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

QUESTION

going to

write

not

going to

write

going to

write

you

are

going to

write

you

are

not

going to

write

are

you

going to

write

are

going to

write

are

not

going to

write

are

going to

write

they

are

going to

write

they

are

not

going to

write

are

they

going to

write

going to

write

not

going to

write

going to

write

she

going to

write

she

not

going to

write

she

going to

write

going to

write

not

going to

write

going to

write

Konuşma anında geleceğe dönük bir eylemi ifade etmek için will kullanılır. Going to ise önceden yapılan planlar ve niyetler için kullanılır.

Örn: biri paltosunu giydi dışarıya çıkıyor. onu gören kişi will ile soru sorar, çıkan kişinin diyelim ki o saatte biriyle buluşması gerekiyor ( önceden planlamış ) going to ile cevap verir.

1. He will finished his work tomorrow.

2. He is going to finish his work tomorrow

Will veya be going to , gelecek zamanı vurgulamak için kullanılır.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS (Gelecek te süreklilik)

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

QUESTION

will

writing

will

not

writing

will

writing

you

will

writing

you

will

not

writing

will

you

writing

will

writing

will

not

writing

will

writing

they

will

writing

they

will

not

writing

will

they

writing

will

writing

will

not

writing

will

writing

she

will

writing

she

will

not

writing

will

she

writing

will

writing

will

not

writing

will

writing

I will be doing something = birşeyler yapıyor olacağım ( bir eylemin ortasında olacağım )

Örn : The football match begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:15 so during this time ,for example 8:30 , Kevin will be watching the match.

- This time tomorrow I'll be travelling through france

- In the 21 st century, people will be living to the age of 130

1. I will begin to study at seven. You will come at eight . I will be studying when you come.

2. Right now I am sitting in class . At the same time tomorrow I will be sitting in class.

The future continuous tense gelecek zamanda bir aktivitenin süreklilik halinde olacağını vurgular.

3. Don't call me at nine , because I won't be home .I am ging to be studying at the library.

be going to nun continuous formu:

be going to + be + - ing

4. Don't get impatient . She will be coming soon

5. Don't get impatient . She will come soon

Baazen future continuous ile simple future arasında çok çok az bir farklılık vardır veya hiçbir farklılık yoktur. Özellikle gelecekteki olay belirsiz bir zaman da meydana gelmişse.

Not : teklif sorularında mutlaka shall kullan . will kullanma

shall we phone to see what time the film start
shall I carry that heavy case for you

FUTURE PERFECT ( Gelecekte geçmiş )

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

QUESTION

will

have

written

will

not

have

written

will

have

written

you

will

have

written

you

will

not

have

written

will

you

have

written

will

have

written

will

not

have

written

will

have

written

they

will

have

written

they

will

not

have

written

will

they

have

written

will

have

written

will

not

have

written

will

have

written

she

will

have

written

she

will

not

have

written

will

she

have

written

will

have

written

will

not

have

written

will

have

written

Future Perfect tense : Gelecekte , kesin bir zamandan önce birşeyin tamamlanmış olacağını vurgular Örn: 1.He will have finished his exams by december.

2.Kevin's football match ends at 9:15 so after this time ,for example at 9:30 the matcah will have finished.

3.Sally always leaves for work at 8:30 in the morning , so she will not be at home at 9 o'clock.She will have gone to work. ( sally sabahları daima 8:30 da işe gider bundan dolayı saat 9 da evde olmayacak,işe gitmiş olacak)

4.We are late. The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema ( Geç kaldık, biz sinema ya varana kadar film başlamış olacak.)

5.When their first child was born ,they had been married for three years. - past perfect

Ted and Amy have been married for 24 years - present perfect

Next year they will have been married for 25 years - future perfect

I will graduate in june . I will see you in july. By the next time I see you , I will have graduat ed
I will have finished my homework by the time I go out on a date tonight.

The future perfect tense : Gelecekte başka bir zaman veya olaydan önce tamamlanmış bir aktiviteyi vurgular.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS ( Gelecekte süreklilik )

POSITIVE

NEGATIVE

QUESTION

will

have been

writing

will

not

have been

writing

will

have been

writing

you

will

have been

writing

you

will

not

have been

writing

will

you

have been

writing

will

have been

writing

will

not

have been

writing

will

have been

writing

they

will

have been

writing

they

will

not

have been

writing

will

they

have been

writing

will

have been

writing

will

not

have been

writing

will

have been

writing

she

will

have been

writing

she

will

not

have been

writing

will

she

have been

writing

will

have been

writing

will

not

have been

writing

will

have been

writing

Future Perfect continuous : gelecekteki bir zaman diliminde bir eylemin sürekliliğini vurgular . örn: She will have been teaching here for thirty years by the time she retires next year. örn: Margeret was born in 1950. by the year 2000, she will have been living on this earth for 50 years
1. I will go to bed at ten p.m. he will get home at midnight, at midnight I will be sleeping . I will have been sleeping for two hours by the time he gets home.	The future perfect continuous ,gelecekte başka bir zaman veya olaydan önce bir eylemin süreklilik içinde ola cağını vurgular.
2. When Professor jones retires next month, he will have taught for 45 years. 3. When professor jones retires next month , he will have been teaching for 45 years	Bazen Future perfect ve Future perfect continuous aynı anlamı verir . örn: 2 ve 3 teki gibi. Ayrıca sözko nusu aktivitenin geçmiş zamanda başlamış olabile ceği de dikkate alınmalıdır.
1. Ann and Andy got married on june 1.st. Today is june 14 th. Ann and Andy have been married for two weeks.By june 28 th , they will have been married for four weeks. 2. This morning I came to class at 9:00. Right now it is 10:00, and I am still in class , I have been sitting here for a half an hour . By 11:00 I will have been sitting here for two hours. 3. I am getting tired of sitting in the car . Do you realize that by the time we arrive in phoenix, we will have been driving for twenty straight hours. 4. I don't understand how those marathon runners do it . The race began over an hour ago . By the time they reach the finish line , they will have been running steadily for more than two hours. I don't think I can run more than two minutes. 5.We have been married for a long time . By our next anniversary , we will have been married for 43 years.

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